The movement of the wall away from the backfill causes expansion of the backfill, resulting in stress release, thereby reducing the lateral earth pressure. This tends to push or rotate the wall away from the backfill if the wall is free to move or rotate. Hence, when a backfill is retained, the wedge of soil above a certain slope tends to slide and move away from the rest of the backfill for equilibrium. We know that cohesionless soils assume a stable slope equal to the angle of internal friction without any lateral support. If the retaining wall were not there, the backfill would assume a stable flat slope. Active Earth Pressure :įigure 15.1(a) shows a retaining wall of height H with a backfill having a horizontal surface. These three basic types of lateral earth pressures are discussed below: 1.
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